Difference between revisions of "Laser Cutter"

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[[Category:FabLab Equipment]]
+
{{Infobox lasercutter
−
{{needs-update|details=THIS IS A DRAFT}}
+
|machineName      = Rabbit QX-80-1290 Laser engraving/cutting machine
 +
|image            = Laser_cutter.jpg
 +
|caption          = Rabbit Laser Cutter
 +
|bedSize          = 1200 x 900 mm (47.2 x 35.4 inches)
 +
|laserPower        = 80W
 +
|laserType        = Sealed CO2 laser tube
 +
|bedHeight        = ~10 inches
 +
|cutSpeed          = 300 mm/s
 +
|engraveSpeed      = 600 mm/s
 +
|engraveResolution = 1000 DPI
 +
|manual            = RL-80-1290_User_Manual.pdf
 +
|website          = http://www.rabbitlaserusa.com/laser_QX1290.html
 +
|websiteText      = Rabbit QX-80-1290 Product Page
 +
}}
 +
The '''Laser cutter''' cuts or engraves digital designs on a variety of materials. Laser cutting is a great way to rapidly prototype projects.
  
−
== UNDER CONSTRUCTION ='
+
An authorization workshop, hosted by an approved instructor, is required of all members before using the laser cutter. Workshops are posted on the [http://makeict.org/calendar calendar]. Peer authorization is not an approved path for use of the laser cutter.
  
−
== About ==
+
Interfacing with the laser cutter is performed with [[Lightburn]].
−
[[File:Laser_cutter.jpg|480px|right]]
 
  
−
MakeICT uses a Rabbit Laser LASER Cutter Model QX1290 with a workbed of approx. 3' x 4'.
+
The laser cutter does require regular cleaning and alignment. This is to be performed by trained volunteers only.
  
−
A LASER cutter allows users to take designs created on a computer and quickly cut them out using many different materials.
+
'''NOTE: The focal length of the lens in Luigi is 63.5mm and not 50.8mm like Mario. The longer focal length is better for cutting, but not as good for engraving.'''
  
−
Designs are made using [http://www.inkscape.org Inkscape], an open-source vector graphics editor (other editors, such as [http://www.3ds.com/products-services/draftsight-cad-software/free-download/ Draftsight] and Adobe Illustrator, can be used as well).
+
==Usage==
 +
===Safety===
 +
====Fire Safety====
 +
Laser cutters pose a fire hazard. A high intensity beam of laser light can produce extremely high temperatures as it comes into contact with the materials it is engraving, marking, or cutting. When using the laser cutter, remember:
  
−
LASER cutting is a great way to rapidly prototype projects.
+
#You may only use the laser cutter if you have been officially authorized according to the machine access policy
 +
#'''Never''' leave the laser cutter unattended while it was powered on (even if it is not firing)
 +
#'''Never''' cut materials that you don't know are safe
 +
#'''Never''' override laser cutter safeties and switches
 +
#Know what to do if a fire happens
 +
##Move the head out of the way, if it's small.
 +
##Hint: Hit the big, <span style="color:red">red</span>, emergency stop button. This will shutdown the laser and the air supply
 +
##A Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fire extinguisher is located next to the laser cutter
 +
##Verify it is out and then: 
 +
###Place a note that a fire occurred and the machine is out of service.
 +
###Post on the [http://makeict.org/forum forum] about it, or send an email to [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
 +
###Someone from the laser group will check the machine, clean as necessary, and put it back into service.
  
−
MakeICT's LASER cutting machine was built by Rabbit Laser.
+
====Eye Safety====
 +
The laser is encased and will not fire unless the doors are shut. Do not bypass any safety lockouts or open panels without consulting the fablab lead first. Lasers can cause serious eye damage, even indirectly through scattered energy.
 +
====Air Safety====
 +
Many materials give off toxic fumes when cut. Do not cut unapproved, unknown or banned materials on the laser cutter. See the list of approved/banned materials on this wiki
  
−
* Suggested reading: [http://www.noao.edu/safety/laser/Laser_Safety_for_Students_credit_to_Laser_Professionals.pdf Basics of Lasers and Laser Light]
 
  
−
== Classes ==  
+
===Workflow===
−
* Inkscape workshop - suggested
+
[[File:Laser cutter design - inkscape.png|thumb|Design step 1: Create your design in your favorite graphics program]]
−
* [[Laser Cutter Basics Class]]
+
#[[Designing for the laser cutter |Create your design]] on another computer
 +
#LightBurn ([[Lightburn|detailed steps]])
 +
##Import your file into Lightburn
 +
##Set up layers
 +
###Fill (start with 100mm/s speed, 20% power)
 +
###Line (start with 20mm/s speed, 50% power)
 +
##Re-order layers so the outermost path is at the end
 +
##Verify design size
 +
##Preview laser paths (TV button)
 +
##Set job origin based on desired laser head starting point (green dot)
 +
#Turn on the machine
 +
##Turn on the laser cutter using your badge and the green button
 +
##Make sure the air compressor, blower fans, and chiller are on
 +
##Wait for homing sequence to complete
 +
##Lower the bed (z button, then arrows) until material will easily fit under the head
 +
##Load material onto laser cutter bed
 +
##Jog head to center of media using control panel (z/esc to switch modes)
 +
##Raise table until material is 7-8mm below head
 +
##Jog head to desired starting point
 +
#Return to Lightburn
 +
##Press "Frame" to outline your job and check that it fits
 +
##Gently lower lid until closed
 +
##In Lightburn, press "start" (play button)
 +
#Do not leave laser cutter unattended
 +
#After cut is finished allow ~30 seconds before opening to vent smoke/fumes
  
−
== LASER use policy ==
+
[[File:Laser cutter design - sample shape.jpg|thumb|Sample of hardboard - Letter shapes are engraved, outline is cut]]
  
−
* You must take the [[LASER Cutter Basics Class]] to be approved to use the LASER cutter
+
===When Finished===
−
* You must be a member
 
  
−
== LASER Cutter Specific Safety ==
+
#Home the head
−
LASER cutters pose a fire hazard. LASER cutters use a high intensity beam of LASER light that can produce extremely high temperatures as it comes into contact with the materials it is engraving, marking or cutting.
+
#Remove media and clear debris
 +
#Power off
  
−
The LASER cutter is a potentially dangerous piece of equipment which must only be operated by members who have received appropriate training and who take due care. The top things to always remember when using the LASER cutter are:
+
===Rotary Axis===
−
# '''ONLY USE THE LASER CUTTER IF YOU ARE ON THE LIST OF TRAINED USERS'''
+
If you are using the rotary axis, refer to [[Laser_Cutter_Rotary_Axis | this page]]
−
# '''NEVER LEAVE THE LASER CUTTER RUNNING UNATTENDED'''
 
−
# '''NEVER CUT MATERIALS THAT YOU DON'T KNOW ARE SAFE'''
 
−
# '''NEVER OVERRIDE THE LASER CUTTER SAFETIES'''
 
−
# '''KNOW WHAT TO DO IF A FIRE BREAKS OUT'''
 
−
## HIT the BIG RED button on the LASER control panel
 
−
## A Carbon Dioxide (CO2) fire extinguisher is located next to the LASER cutter
 
  
−
Before starting the LASER cutter:
+
===Troubleshooting Guide===
−
# Check the cooling solution window in the back of the chiller before starting any project.
 
  
−
After starting the LASER cutter:
+
*'''Bed only travels downwards'''
−
# Before cutting make sure the air compressor and the fan motor are on.
 
−
# Refer to the cutting manual for appropriate engraving and cutting Power and Speed settings for varied materials.
 
−
# Beware of FLAMMABLE materials while using the machines.
 
−
# Certain materials are NOT ALLOWED in the LASER cutter including any PVC material, reflective materials
 
−
## See the  '''DO NOT USE THESE MATERIALS''' section
 
  
−
== '''Materials for the LASER Cutter''' ==
+
#Wiggle the probe and make sure its not jammed
 +
#Check to see if the upper z-limit switch is stuck
 +
#If none of these work, notify the fab lab team [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
  
−
Under construction
+
*'''Head does not home properly, move very slowly in Y axis'''
  
−
== '''DO NOT USE THESE MATERIALS''' ==
+
#The machine is probably in rotary mode
−
*PVC
+
#Turn the machine on, hit 'esc' on the control panel to cancel homing, and disable the 'Enable rotary' setting in the control box with the 'Start' and 'Stop' buttons
−
*VINYL
 
−
*CHLORINE BASED PRODUCTS
 
−
* see  [[LASER Cutter Materials]] for the list of BAD and good materials to LASER cut
 
−
* List posted in LASER Cutter area
 
  
−
== Prepare your design ==
+
*'''Machine won't turn on'''
−
# Download and install [http://inkscape.org inkscape]
 
−
# Create your design using paths and objects (if you want an image, you must trace it)
 
  
−
== Prepare the LASER cutter ==
+
#If the lights don't turn change when you scan your badge, unplug machine power for 5 seconds and re-plug
 +
#If the light turns red when you scan your badge, you are not authorized for the lasers
 +
#If the light turns green but the machine does not turn on, make sure the power switch is pressed and the emergency stop is not pressed
  
 +
#The emergency
  
−
== Cut your design ==
+
*'''Lines are cutting fuzzier and thicker than normal'''
  
 +
#Make sure you ran the autofocus
 +
#Try focusing the laser cutter by hand if you like '''and''' notify the fab lab team [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
 +
 +
*'''The laser doesn't fire'''
  
−
== If something goes wrong during your print ==
+
#Open the door and reclose (the door switch might be flakey)
−
# Hit the RED button
+
#Check the door switch to make sure it is not broken (Close the lid. Look at the power supply. P0 on the power supply is an indicator of it being broken. A0 means it is ok.  The power supply is in the left side of the cabinet behind the lower left door would indicate this is the case.)
  
−
== Maintenance ==
+
*'''Edges of cut pieces are slanted, rather than straight.'''
−
'''Weekly mirror and lens cleaning is required by trained staff'''
 
  
 +
::The Laser is out of alignment and needs to be adjusted, notify the fab lab team [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
  
 +
*'''Fumes are not venting well.'''
  
−
Tips:
+
#Stop cutting
−
* The LASER cutter will generally not cut anything greater than 0.25” (6mm), anything thicker will require several passes.
+
#Ventilation fan needs to be cleaned, notify the fab lab team [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
  
 +
*'''The head hits the side of the machine. "Hard Limit Prot." error displayed on panel'''
  
−
'''THIS IS A DRAFT'''
+
::Head position has been lost and the head has hit a limit switch. Reset the machine. If this continues to happen notify the fab lab team [mailto:fablab@makeict.org fablab@makeict.org]
 +
 
 +
*'''Can't run file, "Frame Slop" error displayed on panel.'''
 +
 
 +
::The file is going to run off one of the edges of the machine. Change the starting position and/or resize your file so that it fits on the bed.
 +
 
 +
==Speed and Power Settings==
 +
Every material and sometimes even every day is different, but here are some starting points:
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
!Material
 +
!Power (%)
 +
!Cut Rate (mm/s)
 +
|-
 +
|Masonite - 3/16"
 +
|50%
 +
|20
 +
|-
 +
|Plywood - 6mm
 +
|50%
 +
|15
 +
|-
 +
|Cardboard
 +
|50%
 +
|50
 +
|-
 +
|Engraving
 +
|2-30%
 +
|300-600
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
It is always highly recommended that you do some small test cuts/engraves before running your full design, especially if it is large or uses valuable material and/or you haven't lasered it before. This can save you a lot headaches.
 +
==Materials==
 +
Cutting a bad material in the laser cutter can be dangerous. Only approved materials should be cut, and banned materials should never be placed in or even around the laser cutter. Cutting an unknown material risks bodily harm and damage to equipment/facilities.
 +
 
 +
===Approved materials===
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 +
|-
 +
!Name!!Notes!!Warnings
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Acrylic (aka Plexiglas, Lucite, PMMA)</div>||Cuts well, leaves a smooth polished edge. Higher powers can leave smoke/scorch marks along edges. Some people remove paper/plastic protection sheets before cutting.||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Cardboard</div>||Cuts well, can catch fire||FIRE hazard!
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Ceramic</div>||'''Engraving only'''||'''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Cloth (cotton, felt, hemp)</div>||Cuts easily||NO plastic coated or impregnated cloth!
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Corian</div>|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Cork</div>||Cuts nicely, the quality of the cut depends on the thickness and quality of the cork. Engineered cork has a lot of glue in it, may not cut nicely.||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Coroplast (corrugated plastic)</div>||Difficult to cut through cleanly, due to the ribs. Multiple passes are usually needed.||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Delrin</div>||Comes in a number of shore strengths ([http://www.matweb.com/reference/rockwell-hardness.aspx hardness]), the harder tends to work better. Great for gears!||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Glass</div>||Has a sandblasted look, #009900 glass works best||'''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Leather, suede</div>||Leather is very hard to cut, can be if thinner than a belt thickness||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">MDF, engineered woods</div>||May experience a higher amount of charring when cut||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Magnetic sheet</div>||Cuts easily||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Stone/Granite/Marble/etc.</div>||'''Engraving only'''||'''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Matte Board</div>|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Melamine</div>|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Mylar</div>||Works well if it's thin. Thick mylar has a tendency to warp, bubble, and curl||Gold coated mylar will not work
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Paper, card stock</div>|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Plywood, composite woods</div>||Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Pressboard</div>|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">NON-CHLORINE Rubber</div>||'''DO NOT CUT''' unless the rubber compound has been tested||'''Beware chlorine-containing rubber!''' If you're not sure, assume you've got chlorinated rubber, and don't cut it.
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Tile</div>||'''Engraving Only.'''||'''Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam'''
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Wood</div>||Avoid oily/resinous woods||FIRE - Cutting oily woods, or very resinous woods can catch fire.
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Wood Veneer</div>||Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Anodized Aluminum</div>||'''Engraving only.'''  Vaporizes the anodized layer away||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Bare Metals</div>||'''Engraving only.'''||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Brass</div>||'''Engraving only.'''||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Coated Metals</div>||'''Engraving only.''' Vaporizes the coating away|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Painted Metals</div>||'''Engraving only.''' Vaporizes the paint away||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Stainless Steel</div>||'''Engraving only.'''||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">Titanium</div>||'''Engraving only.'''||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">PolyPropylene Sheet</div>||'''NOT FOAM'''||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#009900; color:#ffffff;">PolyStyrene Sheet</div>||'''NOT FOAM'''||Tends to melt; avoid overheating.
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Banned materials===
 +
These materials should '''never''' be processed in the laser cutter. This list is not exhaustive.
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 +
|-
 +
!Name!!DANGER!!WARNING
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)</div>||Emits cyanide gas and tends to melt||ABS does not cut well in a laser cutter. It tends to melt rather than vaporize, and has a higher chance of catching on fire and leaving behind melted gooey deposits on the vector cutting grid. It also does not engrave well (again, tends to melt).
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Chlorinated plastics (PVC/Poly Vinyl Chloride, vinyl/pleather/artificial leather)</div>||Emits pure chlorine gas when cut!||'''Don't ever cut this material''' as it will ruin the optics, cause the metal of the machine to corrode, and ruin the motion control system. Bubbles yellow, smokes alot, STINKS!!!!!
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Coated Carbon Fiber</div>||Emits noxious fumes||A mix of two materials. Thin carbon fiber mat can be cut, with some fraying - but not when coated
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Fiberglass</div>||Emits fumes||It's a mix of two materials that cant' be cut. Glass (etch, no cut) and epoxy resin (fumes)
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Galvanized metal</div>||Emits dangerous fumes||Zinc fumes are poisonous. Galvanized metal should never be super heated (so don't weld on it either).
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Metal</div>|| ||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_cutting#Power_consumption Power needed for LASER to cut metal]
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Milk bottles/HDPE</div>||Catches fire and melts||It melts, gets gooey. DON'T. Someone has to clean the hex worktable.
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Mirrored surfaces</div>||Will not cut, reflects laser beam||Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam, damaging the cutter's interior components. Some mirrored materials can be placed reflective-side down and cut.
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Polycarbonate/Lexan</div>||Cut very poorly, disbackground-color, catch fire||Polycarbonate is often found as flat, sheet material. The window of the laser cutter is made of Polycarbonate because polycarbonate strongly absorbs infrared radiation! This is the frequency of light the laser cutter uses to cut materials, so it is very ineffective at cutting polycarbonate. Polycarbonate is a poor choice for laser cutting.
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays, etc.</div>||Made of Polycarbonate.||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">PolyPropylene Foam</div>||Catches fire||Like PolyStyrene, it melts, catches fire, and the melted drops continue to burn and turn into rock-hard drips and pebbles.
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">PolyStyrene Foam</div>||Catches fire||Like PolyPropylene. It catches fire, it melts, and only thin pieces cut. '''This is the #1 material that causes laser fires!!!'''
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Pressure treated wood</div>||Emits dangerous fumes||Should never be burned -- not in your fireplace, and definitely not in our LASER
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Printed circuit board (FR4 and other material types)</div>|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Unidentified plastics/rubbers </div>|| ||If you don't know what it is, don't put it in the LASER cutter
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Plastics from The Yard Store</div>||They do not properly identify their plastics||
 +
|-
 +
|<div style="background-color:#cc3333; color:#ffffff;">Food</div>||Super gross, very unhealthy||If you plan to consume it, do not place it in the laser cutter.
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Links & Other Resources==
 +
 
 +
*[http://makeict.org/lasercutter/ Laser Cutter Reservation Calendar]
 +
*[[Designing for the laser cutter]]
 +
*[https://drive.google.com/open?id=1HrwlAdZLoOOKw0-S6kRby9bPNl_fbgo6AaTRcu6Vac8 Laser Authorization Class Slides]
 +
**[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vCWqg8ivAJMtIyzjX36WSnwlWHAV-vaacEZteQVkDPw/edit?usp=sharing Laser Authorization Class Quiz]
 +
**[https://docs.google.com/document/d/17gjllXoLKLQtmsogXGy8iKY1f2_WG6318IYX68pIxX0/edit#heading=h.81m3irbp3xls Google Doc: Your First Laser Cutter Project]
 +
**[https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B9tsLcc_rWFAS01sWllsUU5aUDQ SVG Files For Laser Classes (Google Drive)]
 +
*[https://drive.google.com/open?id=13BWPzsnGROKjk1pFY5FkqugTAUehY3bJHdTYfOV56gc Rotary Class Slides]
 +
*[http://www.thingiverse.com/tag:lasercut Thingiverse Laser Cut projects]
 +
*[http://makezine.com/2011/09/22/identifying-unknown-plastics/ Identifying Unknown Plastics by Make Magazine]
 +
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beilstein_test Beilstein test]
 +
*[https://vimeo.com/1615418 Polymer Identification (video) by Burnination]
 +
*[http://www.chymist.com/Polymer%20Identification.pdf Polymer Identification (PDF) by David A. Katz]
 +
*[http://www.nclark.net/Density_Column.pdf Density Column Using Recyclable Plastics]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Laser cutter]]
 +
[[Category:Fablab]]
 +
[[Category:Equipment]]

Latest revision as of 10:25, 11 March 2024

Rabbit QX-80-1290 Laser engraving/cutting machine
noframe
Rabbit Laser Cutter
Technical Specifications
Bed Size 1200 x 900 mm (47.2 x 35.4 inches)
LASER Power 80W
LASER Type Sealed CO2 laser tube
Max Bed Height ~10 inches
Max Cut Speed 300 mm/s
Max Engrave Speed 600 mm/s
Max Engrave Resolution 1000 DPI
Additional Information
User Manual RL-80-1290_User_Manual.pdf
Website Rabbit QX-80-1290 Product Page

The Laser cutter cuts or engraves digital designs on a variety of materials. Laser cutting is a great way to rapidly prototype projects.

An authorization workshop, hosted by an approved instructor, is required of all members before using the laser cutter. Workshops are posted on the calendar. Peer authorization is not an approved path for use of the laser cutter.

Interfacing with the laser cutter is performed with Lightburn.

The laser cutter does require regular cleaning and alignment. This is to be performed by trained volunteers only.

NOTE: The focal length of the lens in Luigi is 63.5mm and not 50.8mm like Mario. The longer focal length is better for cutting, but not as good for engraving.

Usage

Safety

Fire Safety

Laser cutters pose a fire hazard. A high intensity beam of laser light can produce extremely high temperatures as it comes into contact with the materials it is engraving, marking, or cutting. When using the laser cutter, remember:

  1. You may only use the laser cutter if you have been officially authorized according to the machine access policy
  2. Never leave the laser cutter unattended while it was powered on (even if it is not firing)
  3. Never cut materials that you don't know are safe
  4. Never override laser cutter safeties and switches
  5. Know what to do if a fire happens
    1. Move the head out of the way, if it's small.
    2. Hint: Hit the big, red, emergency stop button. This will shutdown the laser and the air supply
    3. A Carbon Dioxide (CO2) fire extinguisher is located next to the laser cutter
    4. Verify it is out and then:
      1. Place a note that a fire occurred and the machine is out of service.
      2. Post on the forum about it, or send an email to fablab@makeict.org
      3. Someone from the laser group will check the machine, clean as necessary, and put it back into service.

Eye Safety

The laser is encased and will not fire unless the doors are shut. Do not bypass any safety lockouts or open panels without consulting the fablab lead first. Lasers can cause serious eye damage, even indirectly through scattered energy.

Air Safety

Many materials give off toxic fumes when cut. Do not cut unapproved, unknown or banned materials on the laser cutter. See the list of approved/banned materials on this wiki


Workflow

Design step 1: Create your design in your favorite graphics program
  1. Create your design on another computer
  2. LightBurn (detailed steps)
    1. Import your file into Lightburn
    2. Set up layers
      1. Fill (start with 100mm/s speed, 20% power)
      2. Line (start with 20mm/s speed, 50% power)
    3. Re-order layers so the outermost path is at the end
    4. Verify design size
    5. Preview laser paths (TV button)
    6. Set job origin based on desired laser head starting point (green dot)
  3. Turn on the machine
    1. Turn on the laser cutter using your badge and the green button
    2. Make sure the air compressor, blower fans, and chiller are on
    3. Wait for homing sequence to complete
    4. Lower the bed (z button, then arrows) until material will easily fit under the head
    5. Load material onto laser cutter bed
    6. Jog head to center of media using control panel (z/esc to switch modes)
    7. Raise table until material is 7-8mm below head
    8. Jog head to desired starting point
  4. Return to Lightburn
    1. Press "Frame" to outline your job and check that it fits
    2. Gently lower lid until closed
    3. In Lightburn, press "start" (play button)
  5. Do not leave laser cutter unattended
  6. After cut is finished allow ~30 seconds before opening to vent smoke/fumes
Sample of hardboard - Letter shapes are engraved, outline is cut

When Finished

  1. Home the head
  2. Remove media and clear debris
  3. Power off

Rotary Axis

If you are using the rotary axis, refer to this page

Troubleshooting Guide

  • Bed only travels downwards
  1. Wiggle the probe and make sure its not jammed
  2. Check to see if the upper z-limit switch is stuck
  3. If none of these work, notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org
  • Head does not home properly, move very slowly in Y axis
  1. The machine is probably in rotary mode
  2. Turn the machine on, hit 'esc' on the control panel to cancel homing, and disable the 'Enable rotary' setting in the control box with the 'Start' and 'Stop' buttons
  • Machine won't turn on
  1. If the lights don't turn change when you scan your badge, unplug machine power for 5 seconds and re-plug
  2. If the light turns red when you scan your badge, you are not authorized for the lasers
  3. If the light turns green but the machine does not turn on, make sure the power switch is pressed and the emergency stop is not pressed
  1. The emergency
  • Lines are cutting fuzzier and thicker than normal
  1. Make sure you ran the autofocus
  2. Try focusing the laser cutter by hand if you like and notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org
  • The laser doesn't fire
  1. Open the door and reclose (the door switch might be flakey)
  2. Check the door switch to make sure it is not broken (Close the lid. Look at the power supply. P0 on the power supply is an indicator of it being broken. A0 means it is ok. The power supply is in the left side of the cabinet behind the lower left door would indicate this is the case.)
  • Edges of cut pieces are slanted, rather than straight.
The Laser is out of alignment and needs to be adjusted, notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org
  • Fumes are not venting well.
  1. Stop cutting
  2. Ventilation fan needs to be cleaned, notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org
  • The head hits the side of the machine. "Hard Limit Prot." error displayed on panel
Head position has been lost and the head has hit a limit switch. Reset the machine. If this continues to happen notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org
  • Can't run file, "Frame Slop" error displayed on panel.
The file is going to run off one of the edges of the machine. Change the starting position and/or resize your file so that it fits on the bed.

Speed and Power Settings

Every material and sometimes even every day is different, but here are some starting points:

Material Power (%) Cut Rate (mm/s)
Masonite - 3/16" 50% 20
Plywood - 6mm 50% 15
Cardboard 50% 50
Engraving 2-30% 300-600

It is always highly recommended that you do some small test cuts/engraves before running your full design, especially if it is large or uses valuable material and/or you haven't lasered it before. This can save you a lot headaches.

Materials

Cutting a bad material in the laser cutter can be dangerous. Only approved materials should be cut, and banned materials should never be placed in or even around the laser cutter. Cutting an unknown material risks bodily harm and damage to equipment/facilities.

Approved materials

Name Notes Warnings
Acrylic (aka Plexiglas, Lucite, PMMA)
 Cuts well, leaves a smooth polished edge. Higher powers can leave smoke/scorch marks along edges. Some people remove paper/plastic protection sheets before cutting.
Cardboard
 Cuts well, can catch fire FIRE hazard!
Ceramic
 Engraving only Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Cloth (cotton, felt, hemp)
 Cuts easily NO plastic coated or impregnated cloth!
Corian
Cork
 Cuts nicely, the quality of the cut depends on the thickness and quality of the cork. Engineered cork has a lot of glue in it, may not cut nicely.
Coroplast (corrugated plastic)
 Difficult to cut through cleanly, due to the ribs. Multiple passes are usually needed.
Delrin
 Comes in a number of shore strengths (hardness), the harder tends to work better. Great for gears!
Glass
 Has a sandblasted look, #009900 glass works best Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Leather, suede
 Leather is very hard to cut, can be if thinner than a belt thickness
MDF, engineered woods
 May experience a higher amount of charring when cut
Magnetic sheet
 Cuts easily
Stone/Granite/Marble/etc.
 Engraving only Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Matte Board
Melamine
Mylar
 Works well if it's thin. Thick mylar has a tendency to warp, bubble, and curl Gold coated mylar will not work
Paper, card stock
Plywood, composite woods
 Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood
Pressboard
NON-CHLORINE Rubber
 DO NOT CUT unless the rubber compound has been tested Beware chlorine-containing rubber! If you're not sure, assume you've got chlorinated rubber, and don't cut it.
Tile
 Engraving Only. Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Wood
 Avoid oily/resinous woods FIRE - Cutting oily woods, or very resinous woods can catch fire.
Wood Veneer
 Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood
Anodized Aluminum
 Engraving only. Vaporizes the anodized layer away
Bare Metals
 Engraving only.
Brass
 Engraving only.
Coated Metals
 Engraving only. Vaporizes the coating away
Painted Metals
 Engraving only. Vaporizes the paint away
Stainless Steel
 Engraving only.
Titanium
 Engraving only.
PolyPropylene Sheet
 NOT FOAM
PolyStyrene Sheet
 NOT FOAM Tends to melt; avoid overheating.

Banned materials

These materials should never be processed in the laser cutter. This list is not exhaustive.

Name DANGER WARNING
ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)
 Emits cyanide gas and tends to melt ABS does not cut well in a laser cutter. It tends to melt rather than vaporize, and has a higher chance of catching on fire and leaving behind melted gooey deposits on the vector cutting grid. It also does not engrave well (again, tends to melt).
Chlorinated plastics (PVC/Poly Vinyl Chloride, vinyl/pleather/artificial leather)
 Emits pure chlorine gas when cut! Don't ever cut this material as it will ruin the optics, cause the metal of the machine to corrode, and ruin the motion control system. Bubbles yellow, smokes alot, STINKS!!!!!
Coated Carbon Fiber
 Emits noxious fumes A mix of two materials. Thin carbon fiber mat can be cut, with some fraying - but not when coated
Fiberglass
 Emits fumes It's a mix of two materials that cant' be cut. Glass (etch, no cut) and epoxy resin (fumes)
Galvanized metal
 Emits dangerous fumes Zinc fumes are poisonous. Galvanized metal should never be super heated (so don't weld on it either).
Metal
 Power needed for LASER to cut metal
Milk bottles/HDPE
 Catches fire and melts It melts, gets gooey. DON'T. Someone has to clean the hex worktable.
Mirrored surfaces
 Will not cut, reflects laser beam Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam, damaging the cutter's interior components. Some mirrored materials can be placed reflective-side down and cut.
Polycarbonate/Lexan
 Cut very poorly, disbackground-color, catch fire Polycarbonate is often found as flat, sheet material. The window of the laser cutter is made of Polycarbonate because polycarbonate strongly absorbs infrared radiation! This is the frequency of light the laser cutter uses to cut materials, so it is very ineffective at cutting polycarbonate. Polycarbonate is a poor choice for laser cutting.
CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays, etc.
 Made of Polycarbonate.
PolyPropylene Foam
 Catches fire Like PolyStyrene, it melts, catches fire, and the melted drops continue to burn and turn into rock-hard drips and pebbles.
PolyStyrene Foam
 Catches fire Like PolyPropylene. It catches fire, it melts, and only thin pieces cut. This is the #1 material that causes laser fires!!!
Pressure treated wood
 Emits dangerous fumes Should never be burned -- not in your fireplace, and definitely not in our LASER
Printed circuit board (FR4 and other material types)
Unidentified plastics/rubbers
If you don't know what it is, don't put it in the LASER cutter
Plastics from The Yard Store
 They do not properly identify their plastics
Food
 Super gross, very unhealthy If you plan to consume it, do not place it in the laser cutter.

Links & Other Resources

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