Laser Cutter

Rabbit QX-80-1290 Laser engraving/cutting machine
Rabbit Laser Cutter
Technical Specifications
Bed Size	1200 x 900 mm (47.2 x 35.4 inches)
LASER Power	80W
LASER Type	Sealed CO2 laser tube
Max Bed Height	~10 inches
Max Cut Speed	300 mm/s
Max Engrave Speed	600 mm/s
Max Engrave Resolution	1000 DPI
Additional Information
User Manual	RL-80-1290_User_Manual.pdf
Website	Rabbit QX-80-1290 Product Page

The Laser cutter cuts or engraves digital designs on a variety of materials. Laser cutting is a great way to rapidly prototype projects.

An authorization workshop, hosted by an approved instructor, is required of all members before using the laser cutter. Workshops are posted on the calendar. Peer authorization is not an approved path for use of the laser cutter.

Interfacing with the laser cutter is performed with Lightburn.

The laser cutter does require regular cleaning and alignment. This is to be performed by trained volunteers only.

Usage

Safety

Fire Safety

Laser cutters pose a fire hazard. A high intensity beam of laser light can produce extremely high temperatures as it comes into contact with the materials it is engraving, marking, or cutting. When using the laser cutter, remember:

1. You may only use the laser cutter if you have been officially authorized according to the machine access policy
2. Never leave the laser cutter unattended while it was powered on (even if it is not firing)
3. Never cut materials that you don't know are safe
4. Never override laser cutter safeties and switches
5. Know what to do if a fire happens
   1. Move the head out of the way, if it's small.
   2. Hint: Hit the big, red, emergency stop button. This will shutdown the laser and the air supply
   3. A Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) fire extinguisher is located next to the laser cutter
   4. Verify it is out and then:
      1. Place a note that a fire occurred and the machine is out of service.
      2. Post on the forum about it, or send an email to fablab@makeict.org
      3. Someone from the laser group will check the machine, clean as necessary, and put it back into service.

Eye Safety

The laser is encased and will not fire unless the doors are shut. Do not bypass any safety lockouts or open panels without consulting the fablab lead first. Lasers can cause serious eye damage, even indirectly through scattered energy.

Air Safety

Many materials give off toxic fumes when cut. Do not cut unapproved, unknown or banned materials on the laser cutter. See the list of approved/banned materials on this wiki

Starting the laser cutter

1. Press power button and scan your keycard
2. Make sure the air compressor, blower fans, and chiller are on
3. Machine will automatically home
4. Beware of flammable materials while using the machine

Workflow

A detailed step-by-step presentation of LightBurn is available here: Lightburn

Create design

Design step 1: Create your design in your favorite graphics program

1. On any computer
   • Do not create your designs on the computers connected to the lasers
   • LightBurn accepts the following file types:
     • Vector: .svg, .ai, .pdf, .dxf, .hpgl, .plt,
     • Raster: .bmp, .jpg, .jpeg, .png, .gif, .tif, .tiff, .tga
     • Project files: .rd, .lbrn
2. LightBurn
   1. Import your file into Lightburn:
   2. Separate operations into different layers for each speed and power setting
   3. Save as .lbrn file
3. At the laser cutter computer
   1. Check the calendar http://makeict.org/lasercutter to make sure you're not running into a reservation
   2. Start LightBurn
4. Turn on the machine
   1. Turn on the laser cutter using your badge and the green button
   2. Wait for homing sequence to complete
   3. Press Z/U on control panel and use left/right arrows to lower the bed until your material will fit under the head
   4. Load media into cutter
   5. Jog head to center of media using control panel
   6. Focus to the top of the material
   7. Move laser to desired starting point
   8. Set Origin if desired
   9. Press "Frame" to outline your job and check that it fits
   10. Close lid then run job
5. After cut is finished allow ~30 seconds before opening to vent smoke/fumes

Sample of hardboard - Letter shapes are engraved, outline is cut

When Finished

1. Home the head
2. Remove media and clear debris
3. Power off

Rotary Axis

If you are using the rotary axis, refer to this page

Troubleshooting Guide

• Bed only travels downwards

1. Wiggle the probe and make sure its not jammed
2. Check to see if the upper z-limit switch is stuck
3. If none of these work, notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org

• Lines are cutting fuzzier and thicker than normal

1. Make sure you ran the autofocus
2. Try focusing the laser cutter by hand if you like and notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org

• The laser doesn't fire

1. Open the door and reclose (the door switch might be flakey)
2. Check the door switch to make sure it is not broken (Close the lid. Look at the power supply. P0 on the power supply is an indicator of it being broken. A0 means it is ok. The power supply is in the left side of the cabinet behind the lower left door would indicate this is the case.)

• Edges of cut pieces are slanted, rather than straight.

The Laser is out of alignment and needs to be adjusted, notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org

• Fumes are not venting well.

1. Stop cutting
2. Ventilation fan needs to be cleaned, notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org

• The head hits the side of the machine. "Hard Limit Prot." error displayed on panel

Head position has been lost and the head has hit a limit switch. Reset the machine. If this continues to happen notify the fab lab team fablab@makeict.org

• Can't run file, "Frame Slop" error displayed on panel.

The file is going to run off one of the edges of the machine. Change the starting position and/or resize your file so that it fits on the bed.

Speed and Power Settings

Every material and sometimes even every day is different, but here are some starting points:

Material	Power (%)	Cut Rate (mm/s)
Masonite - 3/16"	50%	20
Plywood - 6mm	50%	15
Cardboard	50%	50
Engraving	2-30%	300-600

It is always highly recommended that you do some small test cuts/engraves before running your full design, especially if it is large or uses valuable material and/or you haven't lasered it before. This can save you a lot headaches.

Materials

Cutting a bad material in the laser cutter can be dangerous. Only approved materials should be cut, and banned materials should never be placed in or even around the laser cutter. Cutting an unknown material risks bodily harm and damage to equipment/facilities.

Approved materials

Name	Notes	Warnings
Acrylic (aka Plexiglas, Lucite, PMMA)	Cuts well, leaves a smooth polished edge. Higher powers can leave smoke/scorch marks along edges. Some people remove paper/plastic protection sheets before cutting.
Cardboard	Cuts well, can catch fire	FIRE hazard!
Ceramic	Engraving only	Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Cloth (cotton, felt, hemp)	Cuts easily	NO plastic coated or impregnated cloth!
Corian
Cork	Cuts nicely, the quality of the cut depends on the thickness and quality of the cork. Engineered cork has a lot of glue in it, may not cut nicely.
Coroplast (corrugated plastic)	Difficult to cut through cleanly, due to the ribs. Multiple passes are usually needed.
Delrin	Comes in a number of shore strengths (hardness), the harder tends to work better. Great for gears!
Glass	Has a sandblasted look, #009900 glass works best	Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Leather, suede	Leather is very hard to cut, can be if thinner than a belt thickness
MDF, engineered woods	May experience a higher amount of charring when cut
Magnetic sheet	Cuts easily
Stone/Granite/Marble/etc.	Engraving only	Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Matte Board
Melamine
Mylar	Works well if it's thin. Thick mylar has a tendency to warp, bubble, and curl	Gold coated mylar will not work
Paper, card stock
Plywood, composite woods	Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood
Pressboard
NON-CHLORINE Rubber	DO NOT CUT unless the rubber compound has been tested	Beware chlorine-containing rubber! If you're not sure, assume you've got chlorinated rubber, and don't cut it.
Tile	Engraving Only.	Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam
Wood	Avoid oily/resinous woods	FIRE - Cutting oily woods, or very resinous woods can catch fire.
Wood Veneer	Contain glue, and may not cut as well as solid wood
Anodized Aluminum	Engraving only. Vaporizes the anodized layer away
Bare Metals	Engraving only.
Brass	Engraving only.
Coated Metals	Engraving only. Vaporizes the coating away
Painted Metals	Engraving only. Vaporizes the paint away
Stainless Steel	Engraving only.
Titanium	Engraving only.
PolyPropylene Sheet	NOT FOAM
PolyStyrene Sheet	NOT FOAM	Tends to melt; avoid overheating.

Banned materials

These materials should never be processed in the laser cutter. This list is not exhaustive.

Name	DANGER	WARNING
ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)	Emits cyanide gas and tends to melt	ABS does not cut well in a laser cutter. It tends to melt rather than vaporize, and has a higher chance of catching on fire and leaving behind melted gooey deposits on the vector cutting grid. It also does not engrave well (again, tends to melt).
Chlorinated plastics (PVC/Poly Vinyl Chloride, vinyl/pleather/artificial leather)	Emits pure chlorine gas when cut!	Don't ever cut this material as it will ruin the optics, cause the metal of the machine to corrode, and ruin the motion control system. Bubbles yellow, smokes alot, STINKS!!!!!
Coated Carbon Fiber	Emits noxious fumes	A mix of two materials. Thin carbon fiber mat can be cut, with some fraying - but not when coated
Fiberglass	Emits fumes	It's a mix of two materials that cant' be cut. Glass (etch, no cut) and epoxy resin (fumes)
Galvanized metal	Emits dangerous fumes	Zinc fumes are poisonous. Galvanized metal should never be super heated (so don't weld on it either).
Metal		Power needed for LASER to cut metal
Milk bottles/HDPE	Catches fire and melts	It melts, gets gooey. DON'T. Someone has to clean the hex worktable.
Mirrored surfaces	Will not cut, reflects laser beam	Mirror surfaces can reflect the laser beam, damaging the cutter's interior components. Some mirrored materials can be placed reflective-side down and cut.
Polycarbonate/Lexan	Cut very poorly, disbackground-color, catch fire	Polycarbonate is often found as flat, sheet material. The window of the laser cutter is made of Polycarbonate because polycarbonate strongly absorbs infrared radiation! This is the frequency of light the laser cutter uses to cut materials, so it is very ineffective at cutting polycarbonate. Polycarbonate is a poor choice for laser cutting.
CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays, etc.	Made of Polycarbonate.
PolyPropylene Foam	Catches fire	Like PolyStyrene, it melts, catches fire, and the melted drops continue to burn and turn into rock-hard drips and pebbles.
PolyStyrene Foam	Catches fire	Like PolyPropylene. It catches fire, it melts, and only thin pieces cut. This is the #1 material that causes laser fires!!!
Pressure treated wood	Emits dangerous fumes	Should never be burned -- not in your fireplace, and definitely not in our LASER
Printed circuit board (FR4 and other material types)
Unidentified plastics/rubbers		If you don't know what it is, don't put it in the LASER cutter
Plastics from The Yard Store	They do not properly identify their plastics

Links & Other Resources

• Laser Cutter Reservation Calendar
• Designing for the laser cutter
• Laser Authorization Class Slides
  • Laser Authorization Class Quiz
  • Google Doc: Your First Laser Cutter Project
  • SVG Files For Laser Classes (Google Drive)
• Rotary Class Slides
• Thingiverse Laser Cut projects
• Identifying Unknown Plastics by Make Magazine
• Beilstein test
• Polymer Identification (video) by Burnination
• Polymer Identification (PDF) by David A. Katz
• Density Column Using Recyclable Plastics